DETECTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBIOTICS-RESISTANT BACTERIA
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance, bacteria, antimicrobial drugsAbstract
This article analyzes the identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their main characteristics. During the study, microbiological and phenotypic methods were used to determine the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. The results obtained showed that the level of antibiotic resistance is increasing, and this situation negatively affects the effectiveness of treatment in clinical practice. It was also found that the incorrect and uncontrolled use of antibiotics is an important factor in the formation of resistant strains. The results of the study justify the need to prevent the problem of antibiotic resistance and develop rational antibiotic therapy.
References
1. World Health Organization. WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093461
2. World Health Organization. Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report 2025: WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). Geneva: WHO; 2025. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116337
3. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Geneva: WHO; 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/b/31459
4. World Health Organization. Action against antimicrobial resistance requires a One Health approach. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2024. Reference: WHO/EURO:2024-9510-49282-73655
5. World Health Organization. The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book. Geneva: WHO; 2022. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/365237
6. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966;45(4):493-496. PMID: 5325707
7. Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. American Society for Microbiology; 2009. Available from: https://asm.org/protocols/kirby-bauer-disk-diffusion-susceptibility-test-pro
8. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2023. Stockholm: ECDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019.
10. Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(2):10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015
11. Azizov IS, Khamrakulova MK, Niyazov AN. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in Uzbekistan: current situation and challenges. Central Asian Journal of Medicine. 2023;4(2):45-58.
12. Karimov ShI, Rakhimov BK. Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance in Central Asian hospitals. Tashkent Medical Journal. 2022;3(1):112-125.