DIARAGEN VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS, AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Keywords:
Diarrheagenic viruses, rotavirus, norovirusAbstract
Diarrheagenic viruses are among the major etiological factors of acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal diseases in humans. These viruses are especially widespread among children and can lead to disturbances in water-electrolyte balance and dehydration of the body. Diarrheagenic viruses include rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and sapoviruses. They differ from each other in terms of genetic structure, morphological characteristics, and epidemiological distribution.
This article provides detailed information on the classification of diarrheagenic viruses, the pathogenesis processes after their entry into the human body, and modern laboratory diagnostic methods used for their detection. These viruses mainly infect intestinal epithelial cells, disrupt the absorption of nutrients, and increase the secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestine, resulting in the development of diarrhea.
Laboratory diagnosis plays an important role in identifying the disease, and methods such as antigen detection tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological examinations, and electron microscopy are widely used. These methods are essential for accurate virus identification, strengthening epidemiological surveillance, and developing preventive measures against the disease.
References
1. Clark HF, et al. Viral Gastroenteritis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2020;33(2):e00090-19.
2. Estes MK, Kapikian AZ. Rotaviruses. Fields Virology, 6th Edition, 2013; Ch. 45:1347-1401.
3. Patel MM, Hall AJ. Norovirus Epidemiology and Diagnostics. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009;200(1):27–36.
4. Farkas T. Adenovirus and Astrovirus in Pediatric Gastroenteritis. Virology Journal, 2015;12:130.
5. Ramani S, Estes MK. Gastroenteritis Viruses in Children: Epidemiology and Clinical Features. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2014;33(7):656–662.
6. Desselberger U. Rotaviruses and Other Gastroenteritis Viruses: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis. Current Opinion in Virology, 2014;7:34–42.
7. Green KY. Caliciviridae: The Noroviruses. Fields Virology, 6th Edition, 2013; Ch. 46:949–981.
8. Dennehy PH. Rotavirus Vaccines: Efficacy and Safety. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2008;21(1):198–208.
