ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: MODERN CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT APPROACHES

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) represents one of the most prevalent and dangerous chronic conditions in modern medicine, combining empirical observations, advanced pharmacological knowledge, and lifestyle influences. It significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, renal failure, and other complications. Recent international guidelines, including the 2024 ESC and 2025 AHA/ACC, have updated classification systems and treatment strategies based on robust clinical evidence. This article examines the modern classification of arterial hypertension, diagnostic practices, therapeutic approaches, and guideline-based management. Through an interdisciplinary analysis integrating cardiology, epidemiology, and evidence-based medicine, this study demonstrates that current hypertension practices provide essential foundations for future cardiovascular prevention and care. Understanding these modern approaches offers valuable insights into risk reduction, preventive strategies, and the holistic view of health that continues to shape contemporary cardiology.