EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF RICKETTSIOSIS

Abstract

Rickettsiosis represents a group of zoonotic infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. These diseases remain a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where vector populations thrive. The epidemiology of rickettsial infections is closely linked to ecological, climatic, and socioeconomic factors that influence vector distribution and human exposure. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecific, making early diagnosis challenging and increasing the risk of complications if treatment is delayed. Laboratory diagnosis plays a crucial role in confirming infection and guiding therapy. This article reviews the epidemiological patterns of rickettsiosis, highlights transmission dynamics, and discusses modern laboratory diagnostic approaches including serology, molecular methods, and culture techniques. The importance of early detection and improved diagnostic accessibility is emphasized to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these infections.