THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA AND PROBIOTICS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY IN INFANTS
Abstract
In recent years, pediatricians and epidemiologists have noted the emergence of some unfavorable trends in the health of the child population, namely: an increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases.
References
Grolund MM, Lehtonen OP, Erkk E et al. Fecal microflora in healthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after Cesarean delivery. JPGN, 1999; 28: 19–25.
Nutten S, Schumann A, Donnicola D et al. Antibiotic administration early in life impaires specific humoral responses to an oral antigen and increases intestinal mast cell numbers and mediators concentrations. Clin and Vaccine Immunol, 2007; 2: 190–197.
Ismail AS, Hooper LV. Epithelial cells and their neighbors. IV. Bacterial contributions to intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2005; 289: 779–784.
Bevinc CL. Paneth cells, defensins, and IBD. Proceedings of the Second International symposium on pediatric IBD. JPGN, 2008; 46 (S1): 14–15.
Wehkamp J, Salzman N, Porter E et al. Reduced Paneth cells defensins in ileal Crohn’s disease. PNAS, 2005; 102: 18129– 12134.
Schumann A, Nutten S, Donnicola D et al. Neonatal antibiotic treatment alters gastrointestinal tract developmental gene expression and intestinal barrier transcriptione. Physiol Genomics, 2005; 23: 235–245.
Stahl B, Thurl S, Zeng J et al. Oligosaccharides from human milk as revealed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem, 1994; 223:218-226.
Ruiz-Palacios GM, Cervantes LE, Ramos P et al. Campylobacter jejuni binds intestinal H(O) antigen (Fuc l, 2Gal Bl, 4GlcNAc), and fructooligosaccharides of human milk inhibit its binding and infection. J Biol Chem, 2003, 278: 14112–14120.
Morrow AL, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Jiang Xi, Newburg DS. Human-milk glyeans that inhibit pathogen binding protect breastfeeding infants against infectious diarrhea. J Nutr, 2005; 135: 1304–1307.
Heikkila. MP, Saris PEJ. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by commensal bacteria of human milk. J Applied Microbiol, 2003, 95: 471–478.
Martin R, Langa S, Reviriego C et al. Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut. J Pediatrics, 2003; 143 (6):754–758.