THE ROLE OF THYROID HORMONES ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GUT MICROBIOME AND THE THYROID GLAND.
Abstract
In this section, we have summarized some materials dedicated to the health of the thyroid gland in its relationship with the intestinal microbiome. Despite the fact that this topic is currently less researched than, for example, microbiome-dependent intestinal health, it is already possible to draw some conclusions regarding the importance of preventing dysbiosis in endocrine health. Preparations containing propionic acid bacteria and organic iodine in a bioavailable (absorbable) form replenish iodine deficiency. The ability of dairy propionic acid bacteria to modulate the microbiota, promote intestinal absorption of micronutrients, and have an anti-inflammatory effect is particularly important in the context of existing research (as indicated below). For example, it is worth noting that P. freudenreichii promotes the growth of bifidobacteria through special bifidogenic growth stimulators, which also contribute to the growth of several lactobacilli [1, 2] and an increase in the level of butyrate [2, 3], synthesized by butyrate-producing bacteria, the levels of which (both species) are significantly reduced in thyroid cancer and nodules (as will be discussed below). Furthermore, the importance of maintaining the intestinal microbiota in a normal state arises from the fact that with increased permeability of the intestine due to dysbiosis, lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria can enter the bloodstream and contribute to the destruction of the thyroid gland. It has also been shown that SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) is more commonly observed in autoimmune hypothyroidism (more on this below). All this speaks to the unquestionable importance of gut microbiome health in thyroid health.
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