PREVENTION OF BREAST CANCER AND MODERN TREATMENT METHODS

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early detection through routine screening programs, including mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, significantly improves prognosis and survival rates. Primary prevention strategies such as lifestyle modification, including maintaining a healthy body weight, regular physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing breast cancer risk. Additionally, chemopreventive agents, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors, play a role in high-risk populations. Current therapeutic approaches integrate surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted biological agents, including monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapy, tailored to tumor subtype and individual patient profiles. Advances in personalized medicine and molecular diagnostics have further optimized treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary management. This review emphasizes evidence-based strategies for prevention, early detection, and contemporary treatment modalities aimed at reducing the global burden of breast cancer.